目的 探讨小儿多指手术的配合要点及在围术期的优质护理服务措施。方法 回顾性分析我科2016年1月~2017年1月收治的各类多指患儿122例,行多指切除矫正术,关节成形术。结果 通过患儿围手术期的护理,总结出一套适合多指患儿的护理方法,对多指患儿的手术治疗给予了充分的护理支持,有利于患儿术后恢复和康复。结论 患儿年龄较小,麻醉、手术耐受力差,护士术前全面了解患儿情况及手术方式,做好充分的术前准备工作,与患儿家长良好沟通,取得理解,使其更好地配合;熟知术中护理要点,有利于手术的顺利进行,保障患儿安全,促进和谐医患关系。
关键词:小儿;多指畸形;围术期护理
中图分类号:R473.6 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.01.070
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)01-0175-02
Observation on the Key Points and Perioperative Nursing of Children's Multiple Fingers Operation
WANG Ya-na,BIAN Dong-mei
(Operation Room,Plastic Surgery,Xijing Hospital,The Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,Shaanxi,China)
Abstract:Objective To explore the key points of multi-finger surgery in children and the quality of care services during perioperative period.Methods Retrospective analysis of our department from January 2016 to January 2017 admitted to various types of children with finger poliomyelitis 122 cases,multi-finger surgery and arthroplasty.Results Through perioperative care of children,a set of nursing methods suitable for children with multiple fingerprints was summarized,which provided full nursing support for the operation of children with multiple finger injuries,which is good for postoperative recovery and rehabilitation in children.Conclusion The children are young,anesthesia,poor surgical tolerance,nurses preoperative understanding of children with a comprehensive situation and surgical approach,adequate preoperative preparation,good communication and understanding with parents of children to make it better to cooperate;familiar with the point of care in surgery,is conducive to the smooth operation,to protect the safety of children and promote the harmonious relationship between doctors and patients.
Key words:Children;Multi finger deformity;Perioperative nursing
多指症(polydactyly)是最常见的一种先天性畸形,多指多见于拇指和小指,其次在中、环指,部分患者有家族史。赘生指可以是一个球状的小肉赘,也可以是发育接近正常,具有指甲、骨、关节、肌腱和神经血管束的手指。根据赘生指所包含的组织成分不同,多指分为软组织多指、单纯多指和复合性多指。临床上小儿先天性多指治疗上以功能重建为主,同时重视畸形的矫正,整形外科治疗更兼顾减少瘢痕及美观。多指切除术后功能及外形更接近正常,术后坚持功能锻炼,对预防疤痕挛缩和手指功能恢复有很好的效果[1]。多指形态各异,解剖变异复杂,手术时机选择很关键,建议选择6个月~3岁,既保证手术效果和安全,又免得年龄太大,对孩子心理健康造成影响。整形矫形术治疗小儿多指畸形发展至今已经非常成熟,能够达到矫正畸形、恢复功能和美观,促进心理健康,回归社会的目的[2]。围术期提供全面优质的护理服务,对减轻患儿及家属对手术的应激反应及促进医患合作,保障手术疗效具有重要作用。
1临床资料
选取2016年1月~2017年1月我科收治的各类多指患儿122例,男74例,女48例,年龄5个月~7岁,平均年龄(3.2±1.8)岁,拇指多指畸形55例,双拇指畸形12例,合并足趾8例,双手双足多指1例,与指间关节或侧方赘生指11例,与指间关节共关节的15例,于掌指关节相连的有13例,与主指发育活动度和功能相似的有7例。
2护理
2.1术前准备 ①术前访视:术前1 d巡回护士根据手术通知单访视患儿。②物品準备:常规器械、敷料、一次性物品,根据年龄选择合适宽度的驱血带,根据手术方式准备史塞克电钻和截骨动力系统。endprint
2.2手术护理 ①护士要在患儿入室前将室温调至24 ℃。消毒液、静脉输注液体及冲洗液、盖被等提前放37~40 ℃温箱。静脉输液选择5%葡萄糖注射液;手术床铺清洁中单,肩垫用布包好,准备“8”字活结绷带或小儿专用绑手带;连接吸引器至中心负压,进行吸力测试;检查仪器及手术设备性能。和麻醉医生、手术医生沟通确认可接患儿入室时,由三方一同前往,与患儿家长核对信息,适时给予安慰鼓励,缓解紧张情绪。入室途中要注意安全,注意保暖。②麻醉多选择全麻气管插管,若手术时间较短,可以选择插喉罩,减轻呼吸道刺激,使麻醉苏醒期更加平稳。麻醉诱导前,三方再次核对患儿手术信息,确保无误方可实施麻醉和建立静脉通路。指定