摘 要:近年来,随着生活水平的不断提高,人们对健康、营养的饮食需求日益增长。酱卤肉制品属于低温肉制品,是我国的传统特色肉制品,因其保留了原材料的营养及风味而深受消费者喜爱,具有广阔的市场前景,但是较低的加工温度使酱卤肉制品杀菌不彻底,在后续的加工过程中可能受到二次污染,使得酱卤肉制品的货架期普遍较短,其发展也受到制约。本文介绍了酱卤肉制品的超高压杀菌技术及贮藏过程中的品质变化情况,对影响酱卤肉制品品质指标(感官品质、微生物生长、蛋白质结构、脂肪氧化、pH值变化、总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N)含量)的关键因素进行探讨,并详尽阐述了国内外在该领域的研究方向和最新研究进展。
关键词:超高压杀菌;酱卤肉制品;生化指标;品质特性
Progress in Research on the Effect of Ultrahigh Pressure Sterilization on Soy Sauce and Pot-Roast Meat Products
LIU Yangming, LU Shiling, WANG Qingling, LI Baokun, DONG Juan*
(College of Food, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China)
Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of peoples living standards, there is growing consumer demand for a healthy and nutritious diet. Soy sauce and pot-roast meat products, low-temperature meat products, are traditional Chinese meat products that are popular among consumers and have a promising market for they retain the original nutrients and flavor of raw materials. Because soy sauce and pot-roast meat products are not completely sterilized, potentially leading to secondary contamination during subsequent processing steps, the shelf life of soy sauce and pot-roast meat products is often short, restricting the development of this industry. This article presents a review of the application of ultrahigh pressure for the sterilization of soy sauce and pot-roast meat products and its effect on the quality changes of soy sauce and pot-roast meat products during storage. Moreover, the crucial factors affecting quality attributes such as sensory quality, microbial growth, protein structure, lipid oxidation, pH and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) are discussed, and the future research directions and the latest progress in this field are elaborated.
Key words: ultra high pressure sterilization; soy sauce and pot-roast meat products; biochemical indicators; quality characteristics
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201708011
中圖分类号:TS251.6 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)08-0055-05
酱卤肉制品是将原料肉进行预煮后,再添加香辛料及调味料等卤制而成,最早起源于清朝,是我国的传统特色肉制品,色、香、味俱佳、肉质鲜嫩,可直接食用,令人回味无穷[1]。酱卤肉制品的加工生产几乎遍布我国各地,但因不同地域消费习惯、加工配料和技术的不同,最终形成了具有地方特色风味的多个品种。北方的酱卤肉制品佐料较多,因而咸味较重,如道口烧鸡;而南方的酱卤肉制品则品种较多、口味偏甜,如苏州酱汁肉、镇江肴肉和南京板鸭。另外,由于加工季节的不同,酱卤肉制品的风味也不尽相同,如夏季口味偏咸,冬季口味偏淡。
我国是畜牧业大国,目前的肉类产量居世界第一并在逐年增加,我国新疆地区地域辽阔、自然环境多样,相比内陆地区具有发展特色畜产品得天独厚的条件。随着生活水平的不断提高,我国人民的饮食已不单满足于饱腹,更多的是追求有营养、有特色的健康饮食。传统酱卤肉制品富含脂肪、蛋白质等营养物质,在满足消费者营养和口味需求的同时,也使其极易受到微生物的污染,且酱卤肉制品风味不稳定,有的带有卤汁,不易包装和贮藏,仅适于当地生产、就地销售[2]。目前市场上销售的熟肉制品主要为干制品(肉干、肉松和肉脯)、灌肠和罐头等,小包装的方便肉制品很少,我国在畜禽副产品的开发和利用方面仍处于起步阶段。endprint
酱卤肉制品属于低温肉制品,长期以来一直沿用传统的作坊式加工工艺,无论在生产、加工还是贮藏、销售等环节均存在较多问题,如产品保鲜及包装技术落后,即使在冷藏条件下产品的货架期也很短;大多以散装方式出售,难以控制产品的品质及卫生安全。这些问题极大地限制了对酱卤肉制品的开发及利用,是制约该类产品销售市场的瓶颈。因此,最大程度地保持酱卤肉制品的品质和安全性对于促进酱卤肉制品的开发及推广具有重大的现实意义。
1 超高压杀菌技术
酱卤肉制品是我国传统特色肉制品,拥有广阔的市场,但其加工温度较低,导致杀菌不彻底,加之可能会受到二次污染,因此产品的货架期普遍较短,发展也受到制约。随着生活水平的不断提高,人们开始